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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
1.1 Sampling to Accurately Inform Environmental Cleanup
1.2 What Is ISM?
1.3 Why Should ISM Be Considered for My Site?
1.4 How Is ISM Implemented for Environmental Sampling?
1.5 Document Content – How to Use This Guidance
2 Nature of Soil Sampling
2 Nature of Soil Sampling
2.1 Introduction
2.2 ISM Accommodates the Complexities of Soil Testing
2.3 Mean ISM QC
2.4 Physical Causes of Soil Data Variability
2.5 Sample and Data Representativeness
2.6 Managing Heterogeneity to Ensure Sample Representativeness
3 Systematic Planning, Statistical Analyses, and Costs
3 Systematic Planning, Statistical Analyses, and Costs
3.1 Systematic Planning and DU Design
3.2 Statistical Concepts and Applications in ISM Projects
3.3 Planning for the Use of ISM Data
3.4 Cost-Benefit Analysis
4 Regulatory Context Field Implementation, Sample Collection, and Preparation
4 Regulatory Context Field Implementation, Sample Collection, and Preparation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Field Planning
4.3 Field Locating
4.4 Sampling Tools and Methods
4.5 Decontamination
4.6 Sample Handling and Mass Reduction
5 Sample Processing and Analysis
5 Sample Processing and Analysis
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Choosing Appropriate ISM Processing Options
5.3 ISM Sample Preparation and Analysis
5.4 Quality Assurance/Quality Control
6 Data Quality Evaluation
6 Data Quality Evaluation
6.1 Data Verification, Validation, and Usability
6.2 Evaluation of DU Results
6.3 Evaluation of Statistical Assumptions
6.4 Decision Endpoints
7 Regulatory Acceptance
7 Regulatory Acceptance
7.1 Comparison of Survey Results from 2009 to 2019
7.2 Current State of Practice
7.3 Factors Affecting Regulatory Acceptability
7.4 Benefits to Foster Regulatory Acceptance of ISM
8 ISM for Risk Assessment
8 ISM for Risk Assessment
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Systematic Planning for ISM Data Use in Risk Assessment
8.3 EPCs from ISM Data for Human and Ecological Risk Assessment
8.4 Considerations for Use of Background ISM Data in Risk Assessment
8.5 Use of ISM for Post-Remediation Risk-Based Confirmation Sampling
8.6 Risk Communication Suggestions for Explaining ISM
9 Stakeholder Perspective and Tribal Input
9 Stakeholder Perspective and Tribal Input
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Stakeholder Engagement Through Systematic Planning
9.3 Communicating with Stakeholders
9.4 Case Studies
Appendices
Appendix A: Case Study Summaries
Appendix B: Statistical Simulations
Appendix C: Team Contacts
Appendix D: Glossary
Appendix E: Acronyms
Appendix F: References
Acknowledgments
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